In 1994, researchers published the results of an experiment in concrete-lined canals in California and Arizona. Lining the canals helped conserve water, but it also eliminated habitat used by fish and other aquatic organisms. Their solution was innovative: build artificial habitat from discarded automobile tires.

And it appeared to work.

Areas containing the tire reefs had three times the density of aquatic invertebrates and 20 times the density of fish compared with typical sections of the canals. At the time, discarded tires seemed to solve two problems at once: keeping waste out of landfills while restoring lost aquatic habitat.

More than 30 years later, however, we know considerably more about what happens when tires spend years in an aquatic environment.

What We Didn’t Know About Tires

Tires aren’t simply rubber. They contain chemicals and metals that can make their way into the environment as tires wear and break down. Research has since found that some tire-related chemicals and particles can be harmful to aquatic life.

And the concerns aren’t limited to chemistry. During the 1960s, ’70s and ’80s, hundreds of thousands of tires were intentionally placed in waters off Florida to create artificial reefs. Over time, many broke loose, becoming marine debris and damaging natural habitat. Today, projects are underway to remove thousands of these legacy tires.

The people who created these reefs weren’t trying to harm the environment. Quite the opposite. They were trying to improve it. They simply didn’t have decades of additional research available to them.

When Our Understanding Changes

Tires aren’t the only example of how environmental practices can change as we learn more. Herbicides once approved for controlling aquatic weeds were later removed from use after concerns about their potential effects on human health and the environment.

We have seen the same evolution with chemicals used in Agent Orange during the Vietnam War. What was once widely used was later linked to serious health and environmental concerns, leading to restrictions and discontinued uses.

The point isn’t that everything we use today will eventually prove harmful. It’s that science continues to evolve. What seems acceptable based on what we know today may look very different when we have decades of additional research to consider.

Managing With What We Know Today

There is rarely one answer for managing a lake or waterway. Chemical treatment, mechanical harvesting, biological controls, physical removal and sometimes simply leaving an area alone can each have a place depending on the waterbody, the species involved and the management objective.

That’s why asking “What are we trying to accomplish?” can be just as important as asking “What should we use?”

The 1994 tire reefs are a fascinating reminder of how environmental management evolves. Researchers saw a problem, developed a solution and measured real benefits. They weren’t necessarily wrong about what they observed. We simply know things today that they couldn’t have known then.

Good environmental stewardship means continuing to learn, asking questions and being willing to change our approach when new information gives us a reason to do so.

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Semakau was created by enclosing approximately 350 hectares (about 865 acres) of sea with a seven-kilometer, or roughly 4.3-mile, rock barrier. An impermeable membrane and marine clay help contain the landfill and prevent contaminated water from entering the surrounding sea. Waste is deposited within engineered cells inside the enclosed area.

What makes Semakau especially interesting is the effort to protect and restore the surrounding marine environment. Mangroves disturbed during construction were replanted, while nearby coral reefs, seagrass beds and remaining mangrove habitat were protected. Today, the area supports marine life and migratory birds and is even used for guided nature walks, birdwatching and other recreational activities.

The project isn’t a permanent answer to Singapore’s waste problem. Semakau continues to fill, and the country is exploring ways to reuse incineration ash rather than sending it to the landfill. Still, the project provides an interesting example of how engineering, waste management and environmental protection can be incorporated into the same project when available land is extremely limited.

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In the Southwest, three major reservoirs now sit closer to “dead pool” than any others in the country. A reservoir reaches dead pool when its water level falls so low that water can no longer flow downstream through the dam’s outlets. At that point, water deliveries can be disrupted and the dam may no longer be able to generate hydropower.

Elephant Butte Nears Empty

One of the most striking examples is Elephant Butte Reservoir, the largest reservoir in New Mexico. Located along the Rio Grande, the reservoir plays an important role in a region where water is already a precious resource.

As of mid-July 2026, Elephant Butte had fallen to just 2–3% of capacity. The consequences of such low water levels extend well beyond the reservoir itself. Elephant Butte provides irrigation water for hundreds of thousands of acres of farmland in New Mexico and Texas and supplies a portion of El Paso’s water.

Low reservoir levels can also affect recreation and local communities that depend on visitors coming to the lake. As shorelines retreat, boat ramps and marinas can become difficult or impossible to use, changing how people are able to access and enjoy the water.

Lake Powell and Lake Mead Remain Critically Low

Elephant Butte isn’t alone. Lake Powell and Lake Mead, two of the largest and best-known reservoirs in the United States, also remain at historically low levels.

Both are part of the Colorado River system, a water source relied upon by approximately 40 million people and more than five million acres of agricultural land.

In July, Lake Powell was at roughly 27% of capacity. Its water level was about 70 feet above the elevation at which Glen Canyon Dam would no longer be able to generate hydropower.

Farther downstream, Lake Mead was also around 27% full. The reservoir stores water used by communities, farms and businesses in Arizona, California, Nevada and Mexico, while Hoover Dam uses water released from Lake Mead to generate electricity.

Years of drought, combined with the enormous demand placed on the Colorado River, have left both reservoirs far below the levels they once routinely reached.

The Effects Reach Beyond the Southwest

Drought isn’t only a concern in the desert Southwest. This summer’s conditions across other parts of the country are another reminder of how closely our communities are tied to reliable water supplies.

Lower water levels can affect agriculture, drinking water, hydropower and recreation, but they can also change the waterways themselves. Reduced flows and shallower water can lead to warmer water temperatures and changes in water quality and aquatic habitat. Fish and other aquatic organisms may have less suitable habitat available, while recreational access can become more difficult.

Reservoirs are designed to capture water during wetter periods and make it available when conditions turn dry. But when drought continues year after year, even enormous reservoirs have limits.

The conditions at Elephant Butte, Lake Powell and Lake Mead offer a striking reminder that the health and availability of our water resources cannot be taken for granted. Whether it’s a massive reservoir in the Southwest or a lake or river closer to home, reliable water supplies are essential to communities, agriculture, recreation, wildlife and healthy aquatic ecosystems.

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This chain reaction—herbicide application, plant decay, and oxygen depletion—has become a growing concern for communities trying to balance weed control with aquatic health. Indian Lake residents voiced frustration over poor communication from city officials, especially after seeing and smelling the aftermath of the July 2025 treatment. This incident underscores the environmental risks of chemical plant control and the importance of considering non-chemical alternatives like mechanical weed harvesting.

Read More https://www.telegram.com/story/news/2025/07/22/dead-fish-herbicides-communication-discussed-at-indian-lake-meeting/85306476007/?gnt-cfr=1&gca-cat=p&gca-uir=true&gca-epti=z118908p000650c000650d00—-v118908d–79–b–79–&gca-ft=234&gca-ds=sophi

Critics argue that proper dissolved-oxygen testing should have been completed before treatment—something the contractor failed to do. Environmental advocates now recommend exploring safer alternatives, such as mechanical harvesting or biological controls, to manage vegetation without triggering oxygen depletion or fish kills.

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This devastating incident underscores the dangers of using chemicals to manage aquatic vegetation. While herbicides can offer a quick solution, the long-term damage can be severe—destroying ecosystems, harming wildlife, and raising health concerns for nearby communities.

The fish lost in Port St. Lucie were part of a balanced aquatic system that also supported birds, turtles, and other species. The sudden collapse of this environment sparked outrage and concern among residents who now question the safety and sustainability of chemical treatments.

Fortunately, there is a better way. Mechanical harvesting offers an eco-friendly, chemical-free method of aquatic weed control. It physically removes vegetation from the water without introducing toxins or disrupting the ecosystem. This method not only preserves water quality but also protects the fish, plants, and wildlife that depend on healthy aquatic habitats.

Whether managing a private lake, public waterway, or residential canal, mechanical harvesting is a responsible, sustainable solution. It’s an effective alternative for those who care about long-term water health and want to avoid the risks of herbicide use.

Read More about the ElkcamWaterway fish kill

Fluridone is a PFAS chemical—a class of compounds known for their persistence in the environment and growing links to serious health issues. Despite being banned from use in food packaging and other consumer products in New York, it’s being deliberately applied to drinking water sources at concentrations vastly exceeding current PFAS safety thresholds. Native aquatic plant populations have sharply declined, and no monitoring has been conducted on the impacts to fish, birds, or invertebrates. With millions of New Yorkers at potential risk, experts are calling for more transparency, scientific scrutiny, and a halt to unnecessary herbicide use in critical water supplies.

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